bibfetch: take an ISBN's language, publisher, year and length from the edition, not the work

Open Library's index answers about the work. Its publishers, languages,
first year and median page count are every edition's at once, and the
first of each is usually another edition's: ISBN 9780140447934, the
Penguin Classics War and Peace, came back Spanish, from W.W. Norton, in
1845.

The index is now asked only for what is true of the work (title,
subtitle, authors, subjects). A record from it is never complete, so
lookup always goes on to the edition record for container, language,
year and pages, then Google Books for whatever the edition record does
not say. A field neither gives is left out rather than filled from the
work.

Closes #6.

Cargo.lock

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "avplan"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ checksum = "ac07cdecf99051d9a5238b80f35af32cdeba5b336e55d957b318b50137e18da5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bibclean"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bibfetch"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bookmeta"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "booksniff"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ checksum = "fc652a48c352aef3ea3aed32080501cf3ef6ed5da78602a020c991775b0aff04"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "catena"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bibclean",
  "bibfetch",
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "catena-cli"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "clap_mangen",
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ checksum = "4e7648175b45a9a48536d676f68d918270699102aa8dab5496df06904c914600"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "chunkmd"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "citefind"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "chunkmd",
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "colophon"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bibclean",
  "catena-cli",
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "corpus-core"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "schemars",
  "serde",
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cuekit"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "corpus-core",
  "regex",
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cuenorm"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cuepack"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cueseg"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "emb"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "idnorm"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bibclean",
  "catena-cli",
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langid"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -1022,7 +1022,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mdscrub"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mdsplit"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ checksum = "384b8ab6d37215f3c5301a95a4accb5d64aa607f1fcb26a11b5303878451b4fe"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pdfgutter"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pdftriage"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -1370,7 +1370,7 @@ checksum = "323c417e1d9665a65b263ec744ba09030cfb277e9daa0b018a4ab62e57bc8189"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rrf"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "seriesof"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",
@@ -1634,7 +1634,7 @@ checksum = "adb6935a6f5c20170eeceb1a3835a49e12e19d792f6dd344ccc76a985ca5a6ca"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "textkit"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "tiktoken-rs",
@@ -1724,7 +1724,7 @@ checksum = "fd3ca314f692efd6c868f8408f53fe444634a845f96c028b97d35f6a1f79f0ee"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tocfind"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "catena-cli",
  "clap",

Cargo.toml

@@ -3,39 +3,39 @@ resolver = "3"
 members = ["crates/*"]
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 edition = "2024"
 rust-version = "1.85"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://git.pumpin.online/funkpower/catena"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-catena-cli = { path = "crates/catena-cli", version = "0.3.1" }
+catena-cli = { path = "crates/catena-cli", version = "0.5.0" }
-corpus-core = { path = "crates/corpus-core", version = "0.3.1" }
+corpus-core = { path = "crates/corpus-core", version = "0.5.0" }
-cuekit = { path = "crates/cuekit", version = "0.3.1" }
+cuekit = { path = "crates/cuekit", version = "0.5.0" }
-textkit = { path = "crates/textkit", version = "0.3.1" }
+textkit = { path = "crates/textkit", version = "0.5.0" }
-chunkmd = { path = "crates/chunkmd", version = "0.3.1" }
+chunkmd = { path = "crates/chunkmd", version = "0.5.0" }
-mdscrub = { path = "crates/mdscrub", version = "0.3.1" }
+mdscrub = { path = "crates/mdscrub", version = "0.5.0" }
-mdsplit = { path = "crates/mdsplit", version = "0.3.1" }
+mdsplit = { path = "crates/mdsplit", version = "0.5.0" }
-pdftriage = { path = "crates/pdftriage", version = "0.3.1" }
+pdftriage = { path = "crates/pdftriage", version = "0.5.0" }
-cuenorm = { path = "crates/cuenorm", version = "0.3.1" }
+cuenorm = { path = "crates/cuenorm", version = "0.5.0" }
-cueseg = { path = "crates/cueseg", version = "0.3.1" }
+cueseg = { path = "crates/cueseg", version = "0.5.0" }
-rrf = { path = "crates/rrf", version = "0.3.1" }
+rrf = { path = "crates/rrf", version = "0.5.0" }
-cuepack = { path = "crates/cuepack", version = "0.3.1" }
+cuepack = { path = "crates/cuepack", version = "0.5.0" }
-bibclean = { path = "crates/bibclean", version = "0.3.1" }
+bibclean = { path = "crates/bibclean", version = "0.5.0" }
-avplan = { path = "crates/avplan", version = "0.3.1" }
+avplan = { path = "crates/avplan", version = "0.5.0" }
-pdfgutter = { path = "crates/pdfgutter", version = "0.3.1" }
+pdfgutter = { path = "crates/pdfgutter", version = "0.5.0" }
-catena = { path = "crates/bindings", version = "0.3.1" }
+catena = { path = "crates/bindings", version = "0.5.0" }
-seriesof = { path = "crates/seriesof", version = "0.3.1" }
+seriesof = { path = "crates/seriesof", version = "0.5.0" }
-idnorm = { path = "crates/idnorm", version = "0.3.1" }
+idnorm = { path = "crates/idnorm", version = "0.5.0" }
-bibfetch = { path = "crates/bibfetch", version = "0.3.1" }
+bibfetch = { path = "crates/bibfetch", version = "0.5.0" }
-bookmeta = { path = "crates/bookmeta", version = "0.3.1" }
+bookmeta = { path = "crates/bookmeta", version = "0.5.0" }
-langid = { path = "crates/langid", version = "0.3.1" }
+langid = { path = "crates/langid", version = "0.5.0" }
-tocfind = { path = "crates/tocfind", version = "0.3.1" }
+tocfind = { path = "crates/tocfind", version = "0.5.0" }
-booksniff = { path = "crates/booksniff", version = "0.3.1" }
+booksniff = { path = "crates/booksniff", version = "0.5.0" }
-citefind = { path = "crates/citefind", version = "0.3.1" }
+citefind = { path = "crates/citefind", version = "0.5.0" }
-colophon = { path = "crates/colophon", version = "0.3.1" }
+colophon = { path = "crates/colophon", version = "0.5.0" }
-emb = { path = "crates/emb", version = "0.3.1" }
+emb = { path = "crates/emb", version = "0.5.0" }
 
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
 clap_mangen = "0.3"

crates/bibfetch/README.md

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ is a failure — nobody replied, and the identifier may be perfectly good.
 |---|---|---|
 | `doi` | Crossref | It assigns most scholarly DOIs |
 | `arxiv` | the arXiv | Its own register of preprints |
-| `isbn` | OpenLibrary's edition record, then its index, then Google Books | Books, without a key |
+| `isbn` | OpenLibrary's index, then its edition record, then Google Books | Books, without a key |
 
 One register is enough for a DOI or a preprint: the body that assigns the
 identifier is the only one that has it. A book is different. An ISBN is
@@ -97,6 +97,14 @@ names them. So the registers are asked in turn and the first complete answer
 wins. An incomplete one is kept in case nothing better comes, and a register
 being down is a failure only when every register is.
 
+OpenLibrary's index answers about the work, not the edition: its publishers,
+languages, years and page counts are every edition's at once, and the first
+of each is usually another edition's. So for a book it gives only the title,
+the authors and the subjects, and the `container`, `language`, `year` and
+`pages` of a record come from the edition record for that ISBN, or from
+Google Books when the edition record does not say. A field neither gives is
+left out rather than filled from the work.
+
 Google Books is asked last because it answers anonymous callers only until a
 daily quota runs out, after which it replies `429` to everyone sharing the
 address.
@@ -163,7 +171,7 @@ bytes, the media type and the address asked when there is.
 
 ```
 $ bibfetch search --title 'The First World War' --author Howard --limit 2
-{"v":1,"id":"9780192853622","kind":"isbn","found":true,"source":"openlibrary","title":"The First World War","authors":["Michael Eliot Howard"],"year":2002,"container":"Oxford University Press","subjects":["World War, 1914-1918"],"language":"eng","pages":154,"cover_id":1123124}
+{"v":1,"id":"9780192853622","kind":"isbn","found":true,"source":"openlibrary","title":"The First World War","authors":["Michael Eliot Howard"],"year":2002,"container":"Oxford University Press","subjects":["World War, 1914-1918"],"language":"eng","cover_id":1123124}
 {"v":1,"id":"9780199205592","kind":"isbn","found":true,"source":"openlibrary","title":"The First World War: A Very Short Introduction","authors":["Michael Howard"],"year":2007,"container":"Oxford University Press","language":"eng","cover_id":14606475}
 ```
 
@@ -172,18 +180,33 @@ title and perhaps a name. This asks which books a register has under those,
 and prints one record per candidate: Open Library's index first, and Google
 Books only when Open Library has nothing.
 
+Open Library's title search is strict. Given an author as well, it finds
+nothing for *The Ladder of Divine Ascent* and four editions of *Ladder of
+Divine Ascent*. So when the title as given finds nothing, the title without a
+leading "The", "A" or "An" is asked next, and then the title and author as one
+free-text query. Each is asked only when the one before found nothing, so a
+title that matches costs one request. The looser questions can bring back
+books that only share words with the title, which is one more reason the
+candidates are for the caller to judge.
+
 Each candidate is one edition. Open Library's index answers with works, and
-names the edition of each that best matches the search; what belongs to an
+names the edition of each that best matches the search. The ISBN, publisher,
-edition — its ISBN, publisher, language, year and cover — is that edition's,
+language, year and cover are that edition's and no other's: a field the
-and what belongs to the work — the title, the authors, the subjects and the
+edition does not give is left out rather than filled from the work, whose
-length — is the work's. Google Books answers with volumes, which are editions
+publishers, years and ISBNs belong to all its editions at once. Only the
-already.
+title, the authors and the subjects, which describe the work, are the work's.
+Open Library's index gives no length for an edition, so its candidates carry
+no `pages`. Google Books answers with volumes, which are editions already.
 
 | Field | When the candidate has an ISBN | When it has none |
 |---|---|---|
-| `id` | The first ISBN whose check digit agrees, in thirteen digits; one written in thirteen is taken over one written in ten | The register's own key: an Open Library id such as `OL37863121M` for the edition, or `OL267171W` for the work when no edition was named; a Google Books volume id |
+| `id` | The first ISBN of the edition whose check digit agrees, in thirteen digits; one written in thirteen is taken over one written in ten | The register's own key: an Open Library id such as `OL37863121M` for the edition, or `OL267171W` for the work when no edition was named; a Google Books volume id |
 | `kind` | `isbn` | `olid` for Open Library, `googlebooks` for Google Books |
 
+A work the index names no edition of, or names one it gives neither an ISBN
+nor a key for, is a candidate named by the work's key, with its title,
+authors and subjects and nothing an edition would say.
+
 An ISBN whose check digit is wrong is passed over rather than corrected, and
 Google's shelfmarks, typed `OTHER`, are not read as ISBNs even when their
 digits would pass for one. A record of kind `isbn` can be handed straight back
@@ -194,9 +217,8 @@ to `bibfetch` for everything the registers say about that edition; `olid` and
 Open Library's record of the edition the record names, by that edition's ISBN
 or its key, so `bibfetch cover --cover-id` fetches that edition's cover and no
 other. The cover the index picked for the whole work is never asked for,
-because it is often another edition's. A work the index names no edition of
+because it is often another edition's. Google Books knows nothing of Open
-gives the first ISBN it lists that reads, which may be any edition's, and no
+Library's covers and gives none.
-cover id; Google Books knows nothing of Open Library's covers and gives none.
 
 The candidates are what the register said, in the order it said them. This
 makes no judgement about which one is the book in hand, and keeps one that is
@@ -210,10 +232,14 @@ bibfetch search --title 'Anathem' --author Stephenson \
   | jq -r 'select(.kind == "isbn") | .id' | head -1
 ```
 
-Open Library answering that it has nothing is an answer, and it stands when
+Open Library having nothing is an answer only once Google Books has been
-Google Books cannot be reached; a register being down is a failure only when
+asked and has nothing either. When Google Books cannot be reached, the search
-both are. Each is asked the same way a lookup asks, retried with the same
+fails rather than say no register has the title, and when it refuses for its
-waits. Open Library is sent the title and the author as written; Google Books
+quota (`403`, or `429` on every attempt) the failure says so and the command
+exits `75`. Open Library being down is a failure only when Google Books has
+nothing to offer in its place. Each is asked the same way a lookup asks,
+retried with the same waits, except that a `403` from Google Books is not
+asked again. Open Library is sent the title and the author as written; Google Books
 is sent each word as its own `intitle:` or `inauthor:` term, so nothing in a
 title is read as search syntax.
 
@@ -224,8 +250,9 @@ title is read as search syntax.
 | `--limit <COUNT>` | The most candidates to print, `1` to `40`. Default `10` |
 
 Exit `0` at least one candidate was printed, `1` no register has the title,
-`65` the title was empty, `69` no register could be reached, `74` the output
+`65` the title was empty, `69` a register that had to answer could not be
-could not be written.
+reached, `74` the output could not be written, `75` Google Books refused for
+its quota.
 
 From Rust, `bibfetch::search(&agent, title, author, limit, attempts)` returns
 the candidates, empty when no register has the title.

crates/bibfetch/src/lib.rs

@@ -265,11 +265,10 @@ mod merge_tests {
         let mut index = rec("openlibrary");
         index.title = Some("The First World War".into());
         index.authors = vec!["Michael Howard".into()];
-        index.year = Some(2007);
 
         edition.fill_from(index);
         assert_eq!(edition.authors, ["Michael Howard"]);
-        assert_eq!(edition.year, Some(2007));
+        assert_eq!(edition.language.as_deref(), Some("eng"));
         // The fuller title arrived first and is not displaced by the shorter.
         assert_eq!(
             edition.title.as_deref(),

crates/bibfetch/src/main.rs

@@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ fn search(
             eprintln!("bibfetch: {why}");
             ExitCode::from(match why {
                 bibfetch::Error::Invalid(_) => exit::DATA,
+                bibfetch::Error::Limited(_) => exit::TEMPFAIL,
                 _ => exit::UNAVAILABLE,
             })
         }

crates/bibfetch/src/search.rs

@@ -23,22 +23,34 @@ pub const MAX_LIMIT: usize = 40;
 /// What Open Library's index is asked to say about each work, and about the
 /// one edition of it that best matches the search.
 ///
-/// Not the work's own `cover_i` or `cover_edition_key`: the cover the index
+/// Of the work, only what describes the work: its publishers, ISBNs,
-/// chose for a work is often another edition's. The edition's `cover_i` is
+/// languages, years and page counts are every edition's at once, and a
-/// the first cover in that edition's record, which is what a lookup by ISBN
+/// record made from them would describe no edition. Not the work's own
-/// gives as `cover_id`.
+/// `cover_i` or `cover_edition_key` either: the cover the index chose for a
-const OPEN_LIBRARY_FIELDS: &str = "key,title,subtitle,author_name,first_publish_year,publisher,\
+/// work is often another edition's. The edition's `cover_i` is the first
-isbn,language,subject,number_of_pages_median,editions,editions.key,editions.isbn,\
+/// cover in that edition's record, which is what a lookup by ISBN gives as
-editions.publisher,editions.language,editions.publish_date,editions.cover_i";
+/// `cover_id`.
+const OPEN_LIBRARY_FIELDS: &str = "key,title,subtitle,author_name,subject,editions,editions.key,\
+editions.isbn,editions.publisher,editions.language,editions.publish_date,editions.cover_i";
+
+/// Where Google Books is asked.
+const GOOGLE_BOOKS: &str = "https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes";
 
 /// Ask which books a register has under a title, and by an author if one is
 /// named.
 ///
 /// Open Library's index first, and Google Books only when that answered with
-/// nothing. A register being down is a failure only when every register
+/// nothing. Open Library's title search is strict: given an author too, it
-/// asked is: Open Library answering that it has nothing is an answer, and it
+/// finds nothing for "The Ladder of Divine Ascent" that it finds for "Ladder
-/// stands when Google Books cannot be reached. Asks nothing when `limit` is
+/// of Divine Ascent". So when the title as given finds nothing, the title
-/// zero; a `limit` over [`MAX_LIMIT`] is taken as that.
+/// without a leading article is asked, and then the title and author as one
+/// free-text query, before Google Books is. Each later question is asked only
+/// when the one before it found nothing, and a looser one can return books
+/// that only share words with the title, which the caller judges. Once Google Books has been asked, its failure is the answer:
+/// [`Error::Limited`] when it refused for its quota, [`Error::Unreachable`]
+/// when it could not be reached, since saying no register has the title
+/// would be a claim no register made. Asks nothing when `limit` is zero; a
+/// `limit` over [`MAX_LIMIT`] is taken as that.
 pub fn search(
     agent: &ureq::Agent,
     title: &str,
@@ -46,9 +58,7 @@ pub fn search(
     limit: usize,
     attempts: u32,
 ) -> Result<Vec<Record>, Error> {
-    search_with(title, author, limit, |url| {
+    search_with(title, author, limit, |url| get(agent, url, attempts))
-        crate::ask::get(agent, url, attempts)
-    })
 }
 
 /// [`search`], with how to fetch an address passed in.
@@ -75,25 +85,104 @@ fn search_with(
         None => Err(Error::Unreachable(format!("{url}: answered 404"))),
     };
 
-    let open_library =
+    let mut from_open_library = Ok(Vec::new());
-        fetch(open_library_url(title, author, limit)).and_then(|body| open_library(&body, limit));
+    for url in open_library_urls(title, author, limit) {
+        from_open_library = fetch(url).and_then(|body| open_library(&body, limit));
+        if !from_open_library.as_ref().is_ok_and(Vec::is_empty) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    let open_library = from_open_library;
     if open_library.as_ref().is_ok_and(|found| !found.is_empty()) {
         return open_library;
     }
 
-    let google = match google_url(title, author, limit) {
+    let Some(url) = google_url(title, author, limit) else {
-        Some(url) => fetch(url).and_then(|body| google_books(&body, limit)),
         // Nothing in the title Google could be asked by.
-        None => Ok(Vec::new()),
+        return open_library;
     };
-    match (open_library, google) {
+    let google = fetch(url).and_then(|body| google_books(&body, limit))?;
-        (_, Ok(found)) if !found.is_empty() => Ok(found),
+    if google.is_empty() {
-        (Ok(none), _) => Ok(none),
+        // Open Library's nothing, or its failure, which Google Books having
-        (Err(why), _) => Err(why),
+        // nothing either does not excuse.
+        return open_library;
     }
+    Ok(google)
 }
 
-/// Where to ask Open Library.
+/// The body at an address, asked as a lookup asks, or `None` when the
+/// register says there is no such thing.
+///
+/// Except that Google Books refusing for its quota is [`Error::Limited`]: a
+/// `403` at once, since it is the day's quota and asking again within
+/// seconds will not move it, and a `429` once every attempt has been refused.
+fn get(agent: &ureq::Agent, url: &str, attempts: u32) -> Result<Option<String>, Error> {
+    let attempts = attempts.max(1);
+    let mut last = Error::Unreachable("no attempt was made".into());
+    for attempt in 0..attempts {
+        match agent.get(url).call() {
+            Ok(mut response) => {
+                return response
+                    .body_mut()
+                    .read_to_string()
+                    .map(Some)
+                    .map_err(|e| Error::Unreachable(e.to_string()));
+            }
+            Err(ureq::Error::StatusCode(404)) => return Ok(None),
+            Err(ureq::Error::StatusCode(status)) => match refused(url, status) {
+                Some(why) if status == 403 => return Err(why),
+                Some(why) => last = why,
+                None => last = Error::Unreachable(format!("{url}: answered {status}")),
+            },
+            Err(e) => last = Error::Unreachable(e.to_string()),
+        }
+        if attempt + 1 < attempts {
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1 << attempt.min(5)));
+        }
+    }
+    Err(last)
+}
+
+/// The refusal a status from a register is, when it is one for asking too
+/// often.
+fn refused(url: &str, status: u16) -> Option<Error> {
+    (url.starts_with(GOOGLE_BOOKS) && matches!(status, 403 | 429)).then(|| {
+        Error::Limited(format!(
+            "Google Books refused ({status}): its quota for this address is spent for now"
+        ))
+    })
+}
+
+/// Every question to put to Open Library, strictest first.
+fn open_library_urls(title: &str, author: Option<&str>, limit: usize) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut urls = vec![open_library_url(title, author, limit)];
+    if let Some(rest) = without_article(title) {
+        urls.push(open_library_url(rest, author, limit));
+    }
+    let words = match author {
+        Some(author) => format!("{title} {author}"),
+        None => title.to_string(),
+    };
+    urls.push(format!(
+        "https://openlibrary.org/search.json?q={}&fields={OPEN_LIBRARY_FIELDS}&limit={limit}",
+        source::encode(&words),
+    ));
+    urls
+}
+
+/// A title without its leading English article, when it has one and
+/// something follows it.
+fn without_article(title: &str) -> Option<&str> {
+    let (first, rest) = title.split_once(char::is_whitespace)?;
+    let rest = rest.trim_start();
+    (["the", "a", "an"]
+        .iter()
+        .any(|article| first.eq_ignore_ascii_case(article))
+        && !rest.is_empty())
+    .then_some(rest)
+}
+
+/// Where to ask Open Library by title and author.
 fn open_library_url(title: &str, author: Option<&str>, limit: usize) -> String {
     let author = author
         .map(|author| format!("&author={}", source::encode(author)))
@@ -124,7 +213,7 @@ fn google_url(title: &str, author: Option<&str>, limit: usize) -> Option<String>
         return None;
     }
     Some(format!(
-        "https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q={}&maxResults={limit}",
+        "{GOOGLE_BOOKS}?q={}&maxResults={limit}",
         source::encode(&terms.join(" "))
     ))
 }
@@ -162,18 +251,8 @@ struct Work {
     #[serde(default)]
     author_name: Vec<String>,
     #[serde(default)]
-    first_publish_year: Option<i64>,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    publisher: Vec<String>,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    isbn: Vec<String>,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    language: Vec<String>,
-    #[serde(default)]
     subject: Vec<String>,
     #[serde(default)]
-    number_of_pages_median: Option<u32>,
-    #[serde(default)]
     editions: Option<Editions>,
 }
 
@@ -212,10 +291,11 @@ fn olid(key: &str) -> Option<String> {
 /// Read Open Library's answer into one candidate per work, in its order.
 ///
 /// What belongs to an edition — its ISBN, publisher, language, year and
-/// cover — is taken from the edition the index chose as matching best; what
+/// cover — is taken from the edition the index chose as matching best, and
-/// belongs to the work — its title, authors, subjects and length — from the
+/// left out when that edition does not give it; only the title, authors and
-/// work. A work the index names no edition of gives its first ISBN that reads,
+/// subjects, which describe the work, are the work's. A work the index names
-/// which may be any edition's, and no cover id.
+/// no edition of is named by the work's key and says nothing an edition
+/// would.
 fn open_library(body: &str, limit: usize) -> Result<Vec<Record>, Error> {
     let reply: OpenLibraryReply =
         serde_json::from_str(body).map_err(|e| Error::Shape(e.to_string()))?;
@@ -228,26 +308,47 @@ fn open_library(body: &str, limit: usize) -> Result<Vec<Record>, Error> {
 }
 
 fn candidate(work: Work) -> Option<Record> {
-    let edition = work.editions.and_then(|e| e.docs.into_iter().next());
+    // The edition, and what it is named by: its ISBN, or its key when it has
+    // none. One with neither cannot be named, and is as good as none.
+    let edition = work
+        .editions
+        .and_then(|e| e.docs.into_iter().next())
+        .and_then(|edition| {
+            match first_isbn(edition.isbn.iter().map(String::as_str)) {
+                Some(isbn) => Some((isbn, "isbn")),
+                None => edition
+                    .key
+                    .as_deref()
+                    .and_then(olid)
+                    .map(|key| (key, "olid")),
+            }
+            .map(|named| (named, edition))
+        });
 
-    // The cover is kept only when the record names the edition it is the
+    let mut record = match edition {
-    // cover of, by that edition's ISBN or its key.
+        Some(((id, kind), edition)) => {
-    let (id, kind, edition_named) = match &edition {
+            let mut record = source::blank(&id, kind, Source::OpenLibrarySearch);
-        Some(edition) => match first_isbn(edition.isbn.iter().map(String::as_str)) {
+            record.container = edition.publisher.into_iter().next();
-            Some(isbn) => (isbn, "isbn", true),
+            record.language = edition.language.into_iter().next();
-            None => match edition.key.as_deref().and_then(olid) {
+            record.year = edition
-                Some(key) => (key, "olid", true),
+                .publish_date
-                None => (work.key.as_deref().and_then(olid)?, "olid", false),
+                .iter()
-            },
+                .find_map(|date| source::year_in(date));
-        },
+            record.cover_id = edition
-        None => match first_isbn(work.isbn.iter().map(String::as_str)) {
+                .cover_i
-            Some(isbn) => (isbn, "isbn", false),
+                .and_then(|id| u64::try_from(id).ok())
+                .filter(|id| *id > 0);
+            record
+        }
+        // The work's own ISBNs, publishers and years are its editions', and
+        // which belongs with which the index does not say.
+        None => source::blank(
             // A work with no key cannot be named, so it is not a candidate.
-            None => (work.key.as_deref().and_then(olid)?, "olid", false),
+            &work.key.as_deref().and_then(olid)?,
-        },
+            "olid",
+            Source::OpenLibrarySearch,
+        ),
     };
-
-    let mut record = source::blank(&id, kind, Source::OpenLibrarySearch);
     record.title = match (work.title, work.subtitle) {
         (Some(title), Some(subtitle)) => Some(format!("{title}: {subtitle}")),
         (title, _) => title,
@@ -255,30 +356,6 @@ fn candidate(work: Work) -> Option<Record> {
     record.authors = work.author_name;
     record.subjects = work.subject;
     record.subjects.truncate(SUBJECT_LIMIT);
-    record.pages = work.number_of_pages_median;
-
-    let (publisher, language, year) = match edition {
-        Some(edition) => {
-            if edition_named {
-                record.cover_id = edition
-                    .cover_i
-                    .and_then(|id| u64::try_from(id).ok())
-                    .filter(|id| *id > 0);
-            }
-            (
-                edition.publisher.into_iter().next(),
-                edition.language.into_iter().next(),
-                edition
-                    .publish_date
-                    .iter()
-                    .find_map(|date| source::year_in(date)),
-            )
-        }
-        None => (None, None, None),
-    };
-    record.container = publisher.or_else(|| work.publisher.into_iter().next());
-    record.language = language.or_else(|| work.language.into_iter().next());
-    record.year = year.or(work.first_publish_year);
     Some(record)
 }
 
@@ -312,8 +389,9 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
     /// Open Library's answer to `title=the first world war&author=howard`,
-    /// recorded 2026-11-13 with the fields above and `limit=2`, the ISBN and
+    /// recorded 2026-11-13 with `limit=2`, the ISBN and subject lists
-    /// subject lists shortened.
+    /// shortened, and with the work's own publishers, ISBNs, years and length,
+    /// which are not asked for and are read past when they come.
     const HOWARD: &str = r#"{"numFound": 9, "start": 0, "numFoundExact": true, "num_found": 9,
         "documentation_url": "https://openlibrary.org/dev/docs/api/search", "q": "", "offset": null,
         "docs": [
@@ -420,7 +498,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(first.container.as_deref(), Some("Oxford University Press"));
         assert_eq!(first.language.as_deref(), Some("eng"));
         assert_eq!(first.subjects, ["World War, 1914-1918"]);
-        assert_eq!(first.pages, Some(154));
+        // The work's median length is no edition's.
+        assert_eq!(first.pages, None);
         assert_eq!(first.cover_id, Some(1123124));
 
         let second = &found[1];
@@ -474,17 +553,64 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn a_work_with_no_edition_named_gives_its_isbn_but_no_cover() {
+    fn what_the_edition_does_not_give_is_left_out_not_taken_from_the_work() {
-        let body = r#"{"docs": [{"key": "/works/OL1W", "title": "A Book",
+        let body = r#"{"docs": [{"key": "/works/OL267171W", "title": "War and Peace",
-            "isbn": ["0-306-40615-2"], "publisher": ["Plenum"], "first_publish_year": 1981}]}"#;
+            "author_name": ["Leo Tolstoy"], "subject": ["Napoleonic Wars"],
+            "first_publish_year": 1867, "publisher": ["Crowell"], "language": ["eng"],
+            "number_of_pages_median": 1296,
+            "editions": {"docs": [{"key": "/books/OL1M", "isbn": ["9780199232765"],
+              "cover_i": 5}]}}]}"#;
         let found = open_library(body, 5).expect("candidates");
+        let only = &found[0];
         assert_eq!(
-            (found[0].id.as_str(), found[0].kind.as_str()),
+            (only.id.as_str(), only.kind.as_str()),
-            ("9780306406157", "isbn")
+            ("9780199232765", "isbn")
         );
-        assert_eq!(found[0].container.as_deref(), Some("Plenum"));
+        assert_eq!(only.cover_id, Some(5));
-        assert_eq!(found[0].year, Some(1981));
+        // 1867 and Crowell are other editions'.
-        assert_eq!(found[0].cover_id, None);
+        assert_eq!(only.year, None);
+        assert_eq!(only.container, None);
+        assert_eq!(only.language, None);
+        assert_eq!(only.pages, None);
+        // What describes the work is the work's.
+        assert_eq!(only.title.as_deref(), Some("War and Peace"));
+        assert_eq!(only.authors, ["Leo Tolstoy"]);
+        assert_eq!(only.subjects, ["Napoleonic Wars"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_work_with_no_edition_named_is_named_by_its_key_and_says_nothing_an_edition_would() {
+        let work = r#""key": "/works/OL1W", "title": "A Book", "author_name": ["A. Writer"],
+            "isbn": ["0-306-40615-2"], "publisher": ["Plenum"], "first_publish_year": 1981,
+            "language": ["eng"], "number_of_pages_median": 300"#;
+        // No edition, and an edition with neither an ISBN nor a key.
+        for editions in [
+            "",
+            r#", "editions": {"docs": [{"publisher": ["Plenum"], "cover_i": 7}]}"#,
+        ] {
+            let body = format!(r#"{{"docs": [{{{work}{editions}}}]}}"#);
+            let found = open_library(&body, 5).expect("candidates");
+            let only = &found[0];
+            // Not 9780306406157: which edition that is, the index does not say.
+            assert_eq!(
+                (only.id.as_str(), only.kind.as_str()),
+                ("OL1W", "olid"),
+                "{body}"
+            );
+            assert_eq!(only.title.as_deref(), Some("A Book"));
+            assert_eq!(only.authors, ["A. Writer"]);
+            assert_eq!(
+                (
+                    only.year,
+                    only.container.as_deref(),
+                    only.language.as_deref(),
+                    only.pages,
+                    only.cover_id
+                ),
+                (None, None, None, None, None),
+                "{body}"
+            );
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -545,8 +671,19 @@ mod tests {
             recorded(&mut asked, &bodies),
         )
         .expect("candidates");
-        assert_eq!(asked.len(), 2);
+        // The title as given, without its article, as free text, then Google.
-        assert!(asked[1].starts_with("https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q="));
+        assert_eq!(asked.len(), 4, "{asked:?}");
+        assert!(
+            asked[1].contains("?title=Google%20Story&author=Vise&"),
+            "{}",
+            asked[1]
+        );
+        assert!(
+            asked[2].contains("?q=The%20Google%20Story%20Vise&"),
+            "{}",
+            asked[2]
+        );
+        assert!(asked[3].starts_with("https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q="));
 
         assert_eq!(found.len(), 2);
         let first = &found[0];
@@ -593,15 +730,46 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn open_library_having_nothing_stands_when_google_books_is_down() {
+    fn google_books_down_after_open_library_had_nothing_is_a_failure() {
         let mut asked = Vec::new();
         let bodies = [
             ("openlibrary.org", Ok(NOTHING)),
             ("googleapis.com", Err(down())),
         ];
-        let found =
+        let failed = search_with("Nothing", None, 5, recorded(&mut asked, &bodies));
-            search_with("Nothing", None, 5, recorded(&mut asked, &bodies)).expect("an answer");
+        assert!(matches!(failed, Err(Error::Unreachable(_))), "{failed:?}");
-        assert!(found.is_empty());
+        // By title, as free text, then Google.
+        assert_eq!(asked.len(), 3, "{asked:?}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn google_books_refusing_for_its_quota_is_said_to_be_that() {
+        let mut asked = Vec::new();
+        let limited = refused(&google_url("Nothing", None, 5).expect("a url"), 429);
+        let bodies = [
+            ("openlibrary.org", Ok(NOTHING)),
+            ("googleapis.com", Err(limited.expect("a refusal"))),
+        ];
+        let failed = search_with("Nothing", None, 5, recorded(&mut asked, &bodies));
+        assert!(matches!(failed, Err(Error::Limited(_))), "{failed:?}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn only_google_books_quota_statuses_are_refusals() {
+        let google = google_url("Anathem", None, 5).expect("a url");
+        for status in [403, 429] {
+            assert!(
+                matches!(refused(&google, status), Some(Error::Limited(_))),
+                "{status}"
+            );
+        }
+        for status in [400, 500, 503] {
+            assert!(refused(&google, status).is_none(), "{status}");
+        }
+        let open_library = open_library_url("Anathem", None, 5);
+        for status in [403, 429] {
+            assert!(refused(&open_library, status).is_none(), "{status}");
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -650,8 +818,50 @@ mod tests {
         ];
         search_with("Anathem", Some("  "), 5, recorded(&mut asked, &bodies)).expect("ok");
         assert!(!asked[0].contains("author="), "{}", asked[0]);
-        assert!(!asked[1].contains("inauthor"), "{}", asked[1]);
+        assert!(asked[1].contains("?q=Anathem&"), "{}", asked[1]);
-        assert!(asked[1].contains("q=intitle%3AAnathem&"), "{}", asked[1]);
+        assert!(!asked[2].contains("inauthor"), "{}", asked[2]);
+        assert!(asked[2].contains("q=intitle%3AAnathem&"), "{}", asked[2]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_leading_article_is_dropped_when_the_title_as_given_finds_nothing() {
+        let mut asked = Vec::new();
+        let mut answered = 0;
+        let found = search_with(
+            "The Ladder of Divine Ascent",
+            Some("John Climacus"),
+            5,
+            |url: &str| {
+                asked.push(url.to_string());
+                answered += 1;
+                Ok(Some(
+                    if answered == 2 { TOLSTOY } else { NOTHING }.to_string(),
+                ))
+            },
+        )
+        .expect("candidates");
+        assert!(!found.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(
+            asked.len(),
+            2,
+            "nothing is asked after a question finds something"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            asked[1].contains("?title=Ladder%20of%20Divine%20Ascent&author=John%20Climacus&"),
+            "{}",
+            asked[1]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn only_a_leading_article_with_words_after_it_is_dropped() {
+        assert_eq!(without_article("The Republic"), Some("Republic"));
+        assert_eq!(without_article("an  Essay"), Some("Essay"));
+        assert_eq!(without_article("A"), None);
+        assert_eq!(without_article("The "), None);
+        assert_eq!(without_article("Theology"), None);
+        assert_eq!(without_article("Anathem"), None);
+        assert_eq!(open_library_urls("Anathem", None, 5).len(), 2);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -723,7 +933,9 @@ intitle:y intitle:z inauthor:O'Brien inauthor:Sons";
         let found = search_with("?!", Some("Someone"), 5, recorded(&mut asked, &bodies))
             .expect("an answer");
         assert!(found.is_empty());
-        assert_eq!(asked.len(), 1);
+        // By title and as free text; never Google.
+        assert_eq!(asked.len(), 2, "{asked:?}");
+        assert!(asked.iter().all(|url| url.contains("openlibrary.org")));
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -744,13 +956,25 @@ intitle:y intitle:z inauthor:O'Brien inauthor:Sons";
         let found =
             search_with("The Google Story", None, 1, recorded(&mut asked, &bodies)).expect("ok");
         assert_eq!(found.len(), 1);
-        assert!(asked[0].ends_with("&limit=1"), "{}", asked[0]);
+        let google = asked.last().expect("Google was asked");
-        assert!(asked[1].ends_with("&maxResults=1"), "{}", asked[1]);
+        assert!(
+            asked[..asked.len() - 1]
+                .iter()
+                .all(|url| url.ends_with("&limit=1")),
+            "{asked:?}"
+        );
+        assert!(google.ends_with("&maxResults=1"), "{google}");
 
         let mut asked = Vec::new();
         search_with("The Google Story", None, 500, recorded(&mut asked, &bodies)).expect("ok");
-        assert!(asked[0].ends_with("&limit=40"), "{}", asked[0]);
+        let google = asked.last().expect("Google was asked");
-        assert!(asked[1].ends_with("&maxResults=40"), "{}", asked[1]);
+        assert!(
+            asked[..asked.len() - 1]
+                .iter()
+                .all(|url| url.ends_with("&limit=40")),
+            "{asked:?}"
+        );
+        assert!(google.ends_with("&maxResults=40"), "{google}");
 
         let mut asked = Vec::new();
         let found =

crates/bibfetch/src/source.rs

@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@ pub enum Source {
     Arxiv,
     /// OpenLibrary, for books by ISBN.
     OpenLibrary,
-    /// OpenLibrary's index, rather than its edition record. Asked when the
+    /// OpenLibrary's index, rather than its edition record. Asked for what is
-    /// edition record has the book but not who wrote it, which is often: an
+    /// true of the work — the title, the authors by name, the subjects —
-    /// edition names its authors by key, and the index names them.
+    /// because an edition names its authors by key and the index names them.
+    /// Never for what differs between editions.
     OpenLibrarySearch,
     /// Google Books, for books by ISBN. Asked last, because it answers
     /// anonymous callers only until a daily quota runs out.
@@ -55,14 +56,14 @@ impl Source {
         match kind {
             "doi" => &[Source::Crossref],
             "arxiv" => &[Source::Arxiv],
-            // The index first. Asked for the fields by name it answers with
+            // The index first, for what is true of the work: the title, the
-            // the title, the authors, the publisher, the language, a page
+            // authors by name, the subjects. Then the edition record, for
-            // count and the subjects in one request, which is the whole of
+            // what is true of this edition only: the publisher, the language,
-            // what a catalogue wants; the edition record is then needed only
+            // the year and the length. The index answers about the work, and
-            // for a subtitle or a publisher the index did not give. Asking it
+            // its publishers, languages and years are every edition's at
-            // second cost three requests per book where one usually does, and
+            // once, so they are not asked of it; the lookup goes on to the
-            // at three books in flight that is the difference between two
+            // edition record for them. Google Books last, for whatever the
-            // days and two hours.
+            // edition record does not say.
             "isbn" => &[
                 Source::OpenLibrarySearch,
                 Source::OpenLibrary,
@@ -83,15 +84,16 @@ impl Source {
             Source::OpenLibrary => {
                 format!("https://openlibrary.org/isbn/{}.json", encode(id))
             }
-            // `fields` or the index answers with a handful of defaults and
+            // Only what is true of the work. Not `publisher`, `language`,
-            // keeps the rest, which is how a language it holds went unread.
+            // `first_publish_year` or `number_of_pages_median`: those are every
-            // Not `cover_i`: that is the cover chosen for the whole work, and
+            // edition's at once, and the first of each is usually another
-            // on a work with hundreds of editions it is usually another
+            // edition's (the Penguin *War and Peace* came back Spanish, from
-            // edition's, in another translation or language.
+            // W.W. Norton, in 1845). Not `cover_i`: that is the cover chosen
+            // for the whole work, often another edition's in another
+            // translation or language.
             Source::OpenLibrarySearch => format!(
                 "https://openlibrary.org/search.json?q=isbn:{}\
-&fields=title,subtitle,author_name,first_publish_year,publisher,language,subject,\
+&fields=title,subtitle,author_name,subject&limit=1",
-number_of_pages_median&limit=1",
                 encode(id)
             ),
             Source::GoogleBooks => format!(
@@ -295,6 +297,8 @@ struct SearchReply {
     docs: Vec<SearchDoc>,
 }
 
+/// What the index says about a work. Only the fields true of every edition
+/// are read, so an answer that carries the others anyway cannot leak them.
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
 struct SearchDoc {
     #[serde(default)]
@@ -304,15 +308,7 @@ struct SearchDoc {
     #[serde(default)]
     author_name: Vec<String>,
     #[serde(default)]
-    first_publish_year: Option<i64>,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    publisher: Vec<String>,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    language: Vec<String>,
-    #[serde(default)]
     subject: Vec<String>,
-    #[serde(rename = "number_of_pages_median", default)]
-    pages: Option<u32>,
 }
 
 /// How many of a work's subject headings are worth carrying.
@@ -324,6 +320,11 @@ pub(crate) const SUBJECT_LIMIT: usize = 12;
 
 /// A search that matched nothing answers with no documents rather than a
 /// status, so an empty reply is the absence and not a failure.
+///
+/// The record says what is true of the work and nothing that belongs to one
+/// edition: no publisher, language, year or page count. Those come from the
+/// edition record, which [`crate::ask::lookup`] asks next because a record
+/// without them is never complete.
 fn open_library_search(id: &str, kind: &str, body: &str) -> Result<Record, Error> {
     let reply: SearchReply = serde_json::from_str(body).map_err(|e| Error::Shape(e.to_string()))?;
     let Some(doc) = reply.docs.into_iter().next() else {
@@ -336,14 +337,10 @@ fn open_library_search(id: &str, kind: &str, body: &str) -> Result<Record, Error
         (title, _) => title,
     };
     record.authors = doc.author_name;
-    record.year = doc.first_publish_year;
-    record.container = doc.publisher.into_iter().next();
-    record.language = doc.language.into_iter().next();
     // The index lists every subject any edition of the work carries, which
     // runs to hundreds on a well-known book. A shelf needs a handful.
     record.subjects = doc.subject;
     record.subjects.truncate(SUBJECT_LIMIT);
-    record.pages = doc.pages;
     Ok(record)
 }
 
@@ -475,9 +472,8 @@ mod tests {
     fn each_kind_goes_to_the_body_that_assigns_it() {
         assert_eq!(Source::for_kind("doi"), Some(Source::Crossref));
         assert_eq!(Source::for_kind("arxiv"), Some(Source::Arxiv));
-        // The index, not the edition record: it answers with the whole of
+        // The index first, for the authors by name; the edition record names
-        // what a catalogue wants in one request, where the edition record
+        // them by key, and is asked next for what only the edition knows.
-        // takes up to twenty-eight seconds and names its authors by key.
         assert_eq!(Source::for_kind("isbn"), Some(Source::OpenLibrarySearch));
         // No register answers about an ISSN without a key.
         assert_eq!(Source::for_kind("issn"), None);
@@ -599,6 +595,96 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!Source::OpenLibrarySearch.url("1").contains("cover_i"));
     }
 
+    /// What the index said for ISBN 9780140447934, the Penguin Classics *War
+    /// and Peace*, on 2026-11-13, asked for the fields the lookup asked for
+    /// before #6: the publishers, languages and first year of every edition
+    /// of the work.
+    const WAR_AND_PEACE_INDEX: &str = r#"{"docs":[{"title":"War and Peace",
+        "author_name":["Leo Tolstoy"],"first_publish_year":1845,
+        "publisher":["W.W. Norton","IndyPublish.com","Canterbury Classics"],
+        "language":["spa","gre","dut","eng"],"subject":["Fiction"],
+        "number_of_pages_median":1296}]}"#;
+
+    /// The edition record for the same ISBN, `/isbn/9780140447934.json`, with
+    /// the English language its `languages` field should name.
+    const WAR_AND_PEACE_EDITION: &str = r#"{"title":"War and Peace (Penguin Classics)",
+        "publishers":["Penguin Books"],"publish_date":"September 27, 2007",
+        "languages":[{"key":"/languages/eng"}],"number_of_pages":1440}"#;
+
+    /// Index first, then the edition record, merged as `ask::lookup` merges.
+    fn looked_up(edition: &str) -> Record {
+        let mut kept =
+            open_library_search("9780140447934", "isbn", WAR_AND_PEACE_INDEX).expect("a record");
+        kept.fill_from(open_library("9780140447934", "isbn", edition).expect("a record"));
+        kept
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_index_says_nothing_only_an_edition_can() {
+        let record =
+            open_library_search("9780140447934", "isbn", WAR_AND_PEACE_INDEX).expect("a record");
+        // What is true of the work is kept.
+        assert_eq!(record.title.as_deref(), Some("War and Peace"));
+        assert_eq!(record.authors, ["Leo Tolstoy"]);
+        // What belongs to one edition is not taken from all of them.
+        assert_eq!(record.language, None);
+        assert_eq!(record.container, None);
+        assert_eq!(record.year, None);
+        assert_eq!(record.pages, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_lookup_by_isbn_gives_the_editions_language_publisher_and_year() {
+        let record = looked_up(WAR_AND_PEACE_EDITION);
+        assert_eq!(record.language.as_deref(), Some("eng"));
+        assert_eq!(record.container.as_deref(), Some("Penguin Books"));
+        assert_eq!(record.year, Some(2007));
+        assert_eq!(record.pages, Some(1440));
+        assert_eq!(record.authors, ["Leo Tolstoy"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn what_the_edition_does_not_say_is_missing_rather_than_the_works() {
+        // The real edition record today names no language at all.
+        let record = looked_up(
+            r#"{"title":"War and Peace (Penguin Classics)","publishers":["Penguin Books"],
+            "publish_date":"September 27, 2007","number_of_pages":1440}"#,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(record.language, None);
+        assert_eq!(record.container.as_deref(), Some("Penguin Books"));
+        assert_eq!(record.year, Some(2007));
+        // Nor a date: the work's first year is not this edition's.
+        let record = looked_up(r#"{"title":"War and Peace (Penguin Classics)"}"#);
+        assert_eq!(record.year, None);
+        assert_eq!(record.container, None);
+        assert_eq!(record.pages, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_index_alone_never_ends_a_lookup() {
+        // `lookup` stops at the first complete record; the index must not be
+        // one, or the edition record is never asked.
+        let record =
+            open_library_search("9780140447934", "isbn", WAR_AND_PEACE_INDEX).expect("a record");
+        assert!(!record.complete());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_index_is_not_asked_for_what_its_editions_differ_in() {
+        let url = Source::OpenLibrarySearch.url("9780140447934");
+        for field in [
+            "publisher",
+            "language",
+            "first_publish_year",
+            "number_of_pages_median",
+        ] {
+            assert!(
+                !url.split(['=', ',', '&']).any(|f| f == field),
+                "{field} in {url}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn an_answer_that_is_not_what_it_should_be_says_so() {
         assert!(matches!(

crates/bookmeta/README.md

@@ -130,10 +130,18 @@ An EPUB's is the first of these that reaches an image:
 2. The item `<meta name="cover" content="…">` names (EPUB 2). Some
    converters write the image's address there rather than its id, and that is
    followed too.
-3. The guide's `<reference type="cover">`, a page, and the first `<img src>`
+3. The guide's `<reference type="cover">`, a page, and the `<img src>` or
-   or SVG `<image href>` on it. A guide that points straight at an image is
+   SVG `<image href>` on it. Where the page has several, the one whose file
-   taken at its word.
+   name, `alt`, `id` or `class` says `cover` is taken; where none does, the
-4. Any image in the manifest whose id or address says `cover`.
+   first is, with a note that there were others. A guide that points straight
+   at an image is taken at its word.
+4. Any image in the manifest whose id or file name says `cover`, one named
+   `cover` outright first and the rest in manifest order.
+
+A name says `cover` when it has it as a word of its own, in any case. Words
+break at anything not a letter or digit and where a lower case letter meets a
+capital, so `CoverImage`, `Book_COVER` and `cover-thumb` say it, and
+`discover-ch1` and `recovery-map` do not.
 
 A route that names something unusable — not in the archive, not an image —
 leaves a note, and the next route is asked. Addresses are resolved against the
@@ -145,7 +153,9 @@ What the bytes say beats what the manifest says: a JPEG listed as
 `image/png` comes back as `image/jpeg`, with a note. A cover larger than
 `bookmeta::MAX_COVER` (16 MiB) is left out with a note, in either format, and
 an EPUB's is never decompressed further than that, whatever size the archive
-claims for it.
+claims for it. Nor are more than eight members read looking for one,
+however many candidates the manifest lists: the search stops there, with a
+note.
 
 `Cover::guessed` says the file left the choice open: a Kindle book's first
 image record, or an EPUB image picked because its name says `cover`. Either

crates/bookmeta/src/epub.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@ use crate::{Cover, MAX_COVER, Metadata, Source, image_type};
 /// document or is trying to be a decompression bomb.
 const MAX_PACKAGE: u64 = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
 
+/// How many members one search for a cover will decompress.
+///
+/// Each is bounded by [`MAX_COVER`], but a manifest can list as many
+/// cover-named images as it likes, and reading every one of them is time a
+/// single book is not owed. A real cover is found in one or two reads.
+const MAX_READS: usize = 8;
+
 /// Read what an EPUB says about itself.
 pub fn read(path: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> Metadata {
     let mut meta = Metadata::empty(path, Source::Opf);
@@ -295,6 +302,8 @@ fn cover<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek>(
         archive,
         items: &items,
         tried: Vec::new(),
+        reads: 0,
+        spent: false,
         meta,
     };
 
@@ -344,12 +353,21 @@ fn cover<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek>(
         }
     }
 
-    // Last: an image whose id or address says cover.
+    // Last: an image whose id or file name has the word cover in it, one
-    for item in items.iter().filter(|item| {
+    // named `cover` outright first, then in manifest order.
-        item.media_type.starts_with("image/")
+    let file_stem = |item: &Item| stem(item.path.as_deref().unwrap_or(&item.href)).to_string();
-            && (item.id.to_lowercase().contains("cover")
+    let mut named: Vec<&Item> = items
-                || item.href.to_lowercase().contains("cover"))
+        .iter()
-    }) {
+        .filter(|item| {
+            item.media_type.starts_with("image/")
+                && (says_cover(&item.id) || says_cover(&file_stem(item)))
+        })
+        .collect();
+    named.sort_by_key(|item| !file_stem(item).eq_ignore_ascii_case("cover"));
+    for item in named {
+        if look.spent {
+            break;
+        }
         if let Some(mut found) = look.image(base, &item.href) {
             found.guessed = true;
             return Some(found);
@@ -364,12 +382,19 @@ struct Look<'a, R> {
     archive: &'a mut zip::ZipArchive<R>,
     items: &'a [Item],
     tried: Vec<String>,
+    /// How many members have been decompressed, against [`MAX_READS`].
+    reads: usize,
+    /// Whether the reads have run out, and said so.
+    spent: bool,
     meta: &'a mut Metadata,
 }
 
 impl<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek> Look<'_, R> {
     /// Where an address leads, or a note saying it leads nowhere it may.
     fn locate(&mut self, base: &str, href: &str) -> Option<String> {
+        if self.spent {
+            return None;
+        }
         let Some(path) = resolve(base, href) else {
             self.meta.note(format!(
                 "the cover's address, {href}, is not a path inside the archive"
@@ -392,6 +417,11 @@ impl<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek> Look<'_, R> {
 
     /// The image a cover page shows, or the page itself where the guide
     /// points straight at an image.
+    ///
+    /// A page with several images may lead with a logo or an ornament, so
+    /// the one whose file name, `alt`, `id` or `class` says cover is taken
+    /// over the first; with none of them saying so, the first is taken, and
+    /// a note says the page had others.
     fn page(&mut self, base: &str, href: &str) -> Option<Cover> {
         let path = self.locate(base, href)?;
         let bytes = self.fetch(&path, MAX_PACKAGE as usize, "cover page")?;
@@ -399,23 +429,55 @@ impl<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek> Look<'_, R> {
             return self.check(&path, bytes);
         }
         let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes);
-        let Some(src) = tags(&text).find_map(|(name, tag)| match name {
+        let images: Vec<(String, bool)> = tags(&text)
-            "img" => attr(tag, "src"),
+            .filter_map(|(name, tag)| {
-            "image" => attr(tag, "xlink:href").or_else(|| attr(tag, "href")),
+                let src = match name {
-            _ => None,
+                    "img" => attr(tag, "src"),
-        }) else {
+                    "image" => attr(tag, "xlink:href").or_else(|| attr(tag, "href")),
+                    _ => None,
+                }?;
+                let named = says_cover(stem(src.split('#').next().unwrap_or("")))
+                    || ["alt", "id", "class"]
+                        .iter()
+                        .any(|name| attr(tag, name).is_some_and(|value| says_cover(&value)));
+                Some((src, named))
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let src = if let Some((src, _)) = images.iter().find(|(_, named)| *named) {
+            src
+        } else if let Some((first, _)) = images.first() {
+            if images.len() > 1 {
+                self.meta.note(format!(
+                    "the cover page, {path}, shows {} images, and the first was taken",
+                    images.len()
+                ));
+            }
+            first
+        } else {
             self.meta
                 .note(format!("the cover page, {path}, shows no image"));
             return None;
         };
-        self.image(directory_of(&path), &src)
+        self.image(directory_of(&path), src)
     }
 
     /// One member's bytes, read no further than `cap`.
     ///
     /// The size the archive declares is checked first and the read is
-    /// bounded anyway, because the declaration may be a lie.
+    /// bounded anyway, because the declaration may be a lie. No more than
+    /// [`MAX_READS`] members are read in all; the first asked for after
+    /// that ends the search, with a note.
     fn fetch(&mut self, path: &str, cap: usize, what: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+        if self.spent {
+            return None;
+        }
+        if self.reads == MAX_READS {
+            self.spent = true;
+            self.meta.note(format!(
+                "the search for a cover stopped after reading {MAX_READS} members"
+            ));
+            return None;
+        }
         let file = match self.archive.by_name(path) {
             Ok(file) => file,
             Err(zip::result::ZipError::FileNotFound) => {
@@ -434,6 +496,7 @@ impl<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek> Look<'_, R> {
             self.meta.note(too_large);
             return None;
         }
+        self.reads += 1;
         let mut bytes = Vec::new();
         if file.take(cap as u64 + 1).read_to_end(&mut bytes).is_err() {
             self.meta
@@ -480,6 +543,50 @@ fn directory_of(path: &str) -> &str {
     path.rsplit_once('/').map_or("", |(dir, _)| dir)
 }
 
+/// A path's file name without its extension.
+fn stem(path: &str) -> &str {
+    let name = path.rsplit_once('/').map_or(path, |(_, name)| name);
+    match name.rsplit_once('.') {
+        Some((stem, _)) if !stem.is_empty() => stem,
+        _ => name,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Whether a name has `cover` in it as a word of its own, in any case.
+///
+/// Words are split at anything not a letter or a digit and where a lower
+/// case letter meets a capital, so `CoverImage`, `Book_COVER` and
+/// `cover-thumb` say cover, and `discover` and `recovery` do not.
+fn says_cover(name: &str) -> bool {
+    words(name)
+        .iter()
+        .any(|word| word.eq_ignore_ascii_case("cover"))
+}
+
+/// The words of a name, as [`says_cover`] splits them.
+fn words(name: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    let mut start: Option<usize> = None;
+    let mut prev = ' ';
+    for (at, c) in name.char_indices() {
+        let begins =
+            c.is_alphanumeric() && (start.is_none() || (prev.is_lowercase() && c.is_uppercase()));
+        if !c.is_alphanumeric() || begins {
+            if let Some(from) = start.take() {
+                out.push(&name[from..at]);
+            }
+        }
+        if begins {
+            start = Some(at);
+        }
+        prev = c;
+    }
+    if let Some(from) = start {
+        out.push(&name[from..]);
+    }
+    out
+}
+
 /// Where an address written in a member in `base` leads inside the archive.
 ///
 /// The fragment comes off and percent-escapes are undone. An address with a
@@ -523,7 +630,13 @@ fn percent_decode(text: &str) -> Option<String> {
     let mut at = 0;
     while at < raw.len() {
         if raw[at] == b'%' {
-            let hex = std::str::from_utf8(raw.get(at + 1..at + 3)?).ok()?;
+            // Two hex digits and nothing else: `from_str_radix` would also
+            // take a sign, and read `%+f` as 15.
+            let hex = raw.get(at + 1..at + 3)?;
+            if !hex.iter().all(u8::is_ascii_hexdigit) {
+                return None;
+            }
+            let hex = std::str::from_utf8(hex).ok()?;
             out.push(u8::from_str_radix(hex, 16).ok()?);
             at += 3;
         } else {
@@ -878,6 +991,147 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(meta.cover.expect("a cover").bytes, JPEG);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn a_name_says_cover_only_as_a_word_of_its_own() {
+        for yes in [
+            "cover",
+            "CoverImage",
+            "Book_COVER",
+            "cover-thumb",
+            "frontCover",
+            "x.cover",
+        ] {
+            assert!(says_cover(yes), "{yes}");
+        }
+        for no in [
+            "discover-ch1",
+            "recovery-map",
+            "covers",
+            "Coverage",
+            "uncover",
+            "",
+        ] {
+            assert!(!says_cover(no), "{no}");
+        }
+        assert_eq!(words("CoverImage_v2"), ["Cover", "Image", "v2"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_name_that_only_contains_cover_is_not_a_cover() {
+        let package = opf(
+            r#"<item id="ch1" href="images/discover-ch1.png" media-type="image/png"/>
+               <item id="i2" href="images/cover.jpg" media-type="image/jpeg"/>"#,
+            "",
+        );
+        let meta = book(
+            &package,
+            &[
+                ("OEBPS/images/discover-ch1.png", PNG),
+                ("OEBPS/images/cover.jpg", JPEG),
+            ],
+        );
+        let cover = meta.cover.expect("a cover");
+        assert_eq!(cover.bytes, JPEG);
+        assert!(cover.guessed);
+
+        let alone = opf(
+            r#"<item id="map" href="images/recovery-map.png" media-type="image/png"/>"#,
+            "",
+        );
+        let meta = book(&alone, &[("OEBPS/images/recovery-map.png", PNG)]);
+        assert_eq!(meta.cover, None);
+        assert!(meta.notes.is_empty(), "{:?}", meta.notes);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn an_image_named_cover_outright_beats_one_listed_before_it() {
+        let package = opf(
+            r#"<item id="cover-thumb" href="images/thumb.png" media-type="image/png"/>
+               <item id="i2" href="images/Cover.jpg" media-type="image/jpeg"/>"#,
+            "",
+        );
+        let meta = book(
+            &package,
+            &[
+                ("OEBPS/images/thumb.png", PNG),
+                ("OEBPS/images/Cover.jpg", JPEG),
+            ],
+        );
+        let cover = meta.cover.expect("a cover");
+        assert_eq!(cover.bytes, JPEG);
+        assert!(cover.guessed);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_guide_cover_page_prefers_the_image_that_says_cover() {
+        let package = opf(
+            "",
+            r#"<guide><reference type="cover" href="text/cover.xhtml"/></guide>"#,
+        );
+        for art in [
+            r#"<img src="../images/front-cover.jpg"/>"#,
+            r#"<img alt="Cover" src="../images/front-cover.jpg"/>"#,
+            r#"<img id="coverImage" src="../images/front-cover.jpg"/>"#,
+            r#"<img class="full cover" src="../images/front-cover.jpg"/>"#,
+        ] {
+            let page = format!(r#"<html><body><img src="../images/logo.png"/>{art}</body></html>"#);
+            let meta = book(
+                &package,
+                &[
+                    ("OEBPS/text/cover.xhtml", page.as_bytes()),
+                    ("OEBPS/images/logo.png", PNG),
+                    ("OEBPS/images/front-cover.jpg", JPEG),
+                ],
+            );
+            assert_eq!(meta.cover.expect(art).bytes, JPEG, "{art}");
+            assert!(meta.notes.is_empty(), "{art}: {:?}", meta.notes);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_guide_cover_page_with_several_unnamed_images_takes_the_first_and_says_so() {
+        let package = opf(
+            "",
+            r#"<guide><reference type="cover" href="text/cover.xhtml"/></guide>"#,
+        );
+        let page = br#"<html><body><img src="../images/logo.png"/><img src="../images/art.jpg"/></body></html>"#;
+        let meta = book(
+            &package,
+            &[
+                ("OEBPS/text/cover.xhtml", page),
+                ("OEBPS/images/logo.png", PNG),
+                ("OEBPS/images/art.jpg", JPEG),
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(meta.cover.expect("a cover").bytes, PNG);
+        assert_eq!(
+            meta.notes,
+            ["the cover page, OEBPS/text/cover.xhtml, shows 2 images, and the first was taken"]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_search_for_a_cover_reads_no_more_than_its_budget() {
+        let count = MAX_READS + 4;
+        let manifest: String = (0..count)
+            .map(|n| format!(r#"<item id="cover-{n}" href="c{n}.jpg" media-type="image/jpeg"/>"#))
+            .collect();
+        let names: Vec<String> = (0..count).map(|n| format!("OEBPS/c{n}.jpg")).collect();
+        let members: Vec<(&str, &[u8])> = names
+            .iter()
+            .map(|name| (name.as_str(), &b"<html>not an image</html>"[..]))
+            .collect();
+        let meta = book(&opf(&manifest, ""), &members);
+        assert_eq!(meta.cover, None);
+        let mut expected: Vec<String> = (0..MAX_READS)
+            .map(|n| format!("the cover, OEBPS/c{n}.jpg, is not an image"))
+            .collect();
+        expected.push(format!(
+            "the search for a cover stopped after reading {MAX_READS} members"
+        ));
+        assert_eq!(meta.notes, expected);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn a_book_that_names_no_cover_has_none_and_says_nothing() {
         let package = opf(
@@ -938,6 +1192,8 @@ mod tests {
             archive: &mut archive,
             items: &[],
             tried: Vec::new(),
+            reads: 0,
+            spent: false,
             meta: &mut meta,
         };
         let got = look.fetch("big.jpg", cap, "cover").map(|bytes| bytes.len());
@@ -1030,6 +1286,8 @@ mod tests {
             Some("OEBPS/text/b.jpg")
         );
         assert_eq!(resolve("", "a%2Fb.jpg").as_deref(), Some("a/b.jpg"));
+        assert_eq!(percent_decode("a%2fb%2F").as_deref(), Some("a/b/"));
+        assert_eq!(percent_decode("a%+fb"), None);
         for hostile in [
             "../../c.jpg",
             "../../../etc/passwd",
@@ -1038,6 +1296,9 @@ mod tests {
             "file:///etc/passwd",
             "%ZZ.jpg",
             "%ff.jpg",
+            "a%+fb",
+            "a%-1b",
+            "a% fb",
             "c%",
             "#only-a-fragment",
             "",